Coup is an illegal, often violent, attempt by a group to seize control of a government. It typically involves a small faction within the military or political elite and aims to overthrow the existing leadership without a broad-based revolution. Coups can drastically alter political landscapes, disrupt governance, and impact international relations. Understanding coups is essential for analysing political stability and power dynamics in various regions. They are often characterised by swift, decisive actions and can lead to significant shifts in policy and governance structures.

Coups matter because they can destabilise nations, disrupt governance, and alter international alliances. They often lead to human rights violations and economic downturns, affecting global markets and international relations. Understanding coups helps policymakers anticipate and mitigate potential threats to regional and global stability, making it a critical area of study for international relations experts.

Scholars of international relations argue that coups are a significant factor in the study of political transitions and regime change. They provide insight into the fragility of political systems and the conditions that lead to abrupt power shifts. Academic consensus suggests that coups are more likely in states with weak institutions and divided societies, highlighting the importance of robust governance frameworks in maintaining stability.