Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence is a diplomatic doctrine that promotes mutual respect, non-aggression, and non-interference among states. Originating from the 1954 agreement between China and India, these principles aim to foster peaceful international relations by encouraging equality and mutual benefit. They serve as a foundational framework for countries to engage in cooperative and harmonious interactions, thereby reducing the likelihood of conflict and enhancing global stability. The principles are particularly significant in a multipolar world, where diverse nations seek to maintain sovereignty while engaging in constructive dialogue.

The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence matter because they provide a framework for international diplomacy that prioritises respect and cooperation. By advocating for non-interference and equality, these principles help prevent conflicts and promote stability in international relations. They are especially relevant in today's interconnected world, where global challenges require collaborative solutions. Emphasising peaceful coexistence encourages nations to resolve disputes through dialogue, thus contributing to a more stable and secure global environment.

Academic consensus suggests that the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are pivotal in shaping modern diplomatic practices, particularly in Asia and Africa. Scholars of international relations argue that these principles have influenced numerous bilateral and multilateral agreements, fostering an environment of mutual respect and cooperation. They provide a counter-narrative to hegemonic power dynamics, offering an alternative approach to international engagement that respects sovereignty and cultural diversity. This doctrine is increasingly relevant as global power shifts towards a more multipolar order.