Neo-Liberalism is an economic and political model that champions free markets, deregulation, and reduced government spending. It emerged in the late 20th century as a response to perceived inefficiencies in state-controlled economies. By prioritising market-driven growth, neo-liberalism seeks to enhance economic efficiency and innovation. This model influences global economic policies, promoting international trade and investment. However, it also faces criticism for exacerbating inequality and undermining social welfare systems. Understanding neo-liberalism is crucial for analysing contemporary economic and political strategies worldwide.

Neo-Liberalism matters because it significantly influences global economic policies and international relations. By advocating for free markets and reduced government intervention, it shapes the economic strategies of nations, impacting trade, investment, and development. Its principles are embedded in the policies of major financial institutions like the IMF and World Bank, affecting countries worldwide. Understanding its impact is essential for policymakers and analysts navigating the complexities of global economics.

Academic consensus suggests that neo-liberalism has reshaped the global economic landscape, promoting policies that favour market-driven growth. Scholars of international relations argue that this model has led to increased globalisation, affecting both developed and developing nations. Its influence extends to trade agreements, regulatory frameworks, and international economic institutions. The model's emphasis on deregulation and privatisation has sparked debates about its social and economic implications, particularly in the Global South, where its effects on inequality and development are critically examined.